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{{c|
{{font-size-x|375%|{{sc|Carpentry {{x-smaller|and}} Joinery}}}}

{{x-larger|HAND TOOLS AND APPLIANCES.}}

'''Introduction.'''
}}

The reader of this book is assumed to 
have some acquaintance with woodworking, 
and not to stand in need of detail instruction 
as to the shape, action, care and use 
of each and all of a woodworker's tools. 
This information is given in comprehensive 
style in a companion volume, entitled 
"[[Woodworking]]," produced by the Editor 
of this present book, and sold by the same 
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig1--two foot rule with slide rule.png
   | width = 250px
   | bottomcaption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 1.—Two-foot Rule with Slide Rule.'''}}}}
}} publishers at 9s. Should any reader of 
this chapter desire further particulars of 
the tools and appliances here briefly mentioned, 
he is recommended to consult that 
work, which undoubtedly contains the 
most complete description of woodworking 
tools yet published. 

{{c|'''Classification of Tools.'''}}

Tools may be classed according to their 
functions and modes of action, as follows: 
(1) Geometrical tools for laying off and 
testing work—such tools are rules, straight-edges, 
gauges, etc. (2) Tools for supporting 
and holding work; such tools are benches, 
vices, stools, etc. (3) Paring or shaving 
tools, such as chisels, spokeshaves, planes, 
etc. (4) Saws. (5) Percussion or impelling 
tools, such as hammers, mallets, {{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig2--combined marking awl and striking knife.png
   | width = 250px
   | position = right
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 2.—Combinded Marking Awl and Striking Knife'''}}}}
   | top = 150px
   | left = 75px
   | captionwidth = 175px
}} screw-drivers, and (combined with cutting) 
hatchets, axes, adzes, etc. (6) Boring 
tools, such as gimlets, brace-bits, etc. 
(7) Abrading and scraping tools, such as 
rasps, scrapers, glasspaper, and implements 
such as whetstones, etc., for sharpening 
edged tools. 

{{c|'''Geometrical Tools.'''}}

Rules.—For all-round purposes a 2-ft. 
four-fold boxwood rule, with or without a 
slide rule (Fig. 1), is best. Rules are made 
in great variety, but the average worker's 
requirements will be best met by a simple one.


Carpentry and Joinery

HAND TOOLS AND APPLIANCES.

Introduction.

The reader of this book is assumed to have some acquaintance with woodworking, and not to stand in need of detail instruction as to the shape, action, care and use of each and all of a woodworker's tools. This information is given in comprehensive style in a companion volume, entitled "Woodworking," produced by the Editor of this present book, and sold by the same

Fig. 1.—Two-foot Rule with Slide Rule.

publishers at 9s. Should any reader of this chapter desire further particulars of the tools and appliances here briefly mentioned, he is recommended to consult that work, which undoubtedly contains the most complete description of woodworking tools yet published.

Classification of Tools.

Tools may be classed according to their functions and modes of action, as follows: (1) Geometrical tools for laying off and testing work—such tools are rules, straight-edges, gauges, etc. (2) Tools for supporting and holding work; such tools are benches, vices, stools, etc. (3) Paring or shaving tools, such as chisels, spokeshaves, planes, etc. (4) Saws. (5) Percussion or impelling tools, such as hammers, mallets,

Fig. 2.—Combinded Marking Awl and Striking Knife

screw-drivers, and (combined with cutting) hatchets, axes, adzes, etc. (6) Boring tools, such as gimlets, brace-bits, etc. (7) Abrading and scraping tools, such as rasps, scrapers, glasspaper, and implements such as whetstones, etc., for sharpening edged tools.

Geometrical Tools.

Rules.—For all-round purposes a 2-ft. four-fold boxwood rule, with or without a slide rule (Fig. 1), is best. Rules are made in great variety, but the average worker's requirements will be best met by a simple one.





{{center block|width=600px|height=890px|
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig3--straight-edge.png
   | width = 550px
   | position = left
   | bottomcaption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 3.—Straight-Edge.'''}}}}
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig5--try and mitre square.png
   | width = 260px
   | position = right
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 5.—Try and Mitre Square.'''}}}}
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   | left = 25px
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig4--try square.png
   | width = 240px
   | position = right
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 4.—Try Square.'''}}}}
   | top = 70px
   | left = 40px
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig6--mitre square.png
   | width = 250px
   | position = absolute
   | figuretop = 210px
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 6.—Mitre Square.'''}}}}
   | top = 260px
   | left = 150px
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig7--sliding bevel.png
   | width = 350px
   | position = right
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 7.—Sliding Bevel.'''}}}}
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   | left = 250px
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig8--marking gauge.png
   | width = 350px
   | position = absolute
   | figuretop = 570px
   | bottomcaption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 8.—Marking Gauge.'''}}}}
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig9--mortise gauge.png
   | width = 270px
   | position = right
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 9.—Mortise Gauge.'''}}}}
   | top = 140px
   | left = 130px
   | captionwidth = 100px
}}
{{figure
   | image = cc&j-fig10--cutting gauge.png
   | width = 400px
   | position = absolute
   | figuretop = 740px
   | caption = {{c|{{smaller|'''Fig. 10.—Cutting Gauge.'''}}}}
   | top = 110px
   | left = 90px
}}
}}{{clear}}


Fig. 3.—Straight-Edge.

Fig. 5.—Try and Mitre Square.

Fig. 4.—Try Square.

Fig. 6.—Mitre Square.

Fig. 7.—Sliding Bevel.

Fig. 8.—Marking Gauge.

Fig. 9.—Mortise Gauge.

Fig. 10.—Cutting Gauge.