This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was in the public domain in its home country as of 1 January 1996, and was never published in the US prior to that date.
The author died in {{{1}}}, so this work is also in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or less. This work may also be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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Please use {{Pd/1996|year of author's death}} to automatically update the template, but do not use this template directly. Posthumous works may be copyrighted in the USA and certain other countries and areas based on how long they have been published, even if the authors died more than 100 years ago.
To create dynamic copyright messaging that will update as time passes and stay accurate when the author's death year (ADY) is known. Direction for including ADY is in each template document.
- Published prior to 1923, ADY 100+ years ago {{PD-old}}
- Published prior to 1923, ADY anything less than 100 years ago {{Pd/1923}}
- Published after 1922 and before 1964, Non-renewal confirmed {{PD-US-no-renewal}}
- Published between 1923 and 1996 {{Pd/1996}}