This work is in the public domain in countries where the copyright term is the author's life plus 80 years or less.


It is not necessarily in the public domain in the United States if published from 1923 to 1977. For a US-applicable version, see {{PD-1996}}.
 

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To create dynamic copyright messaging that will update as time passes and stay accurate when the author's death year (ADY) is known. Direction for including ADY is in each template document.

Published prior to 1923, ADY 100+ years ago {{PD-old}}
Published prior to 1923, ADY anything less than 100 years ago {{Pd/1923}}
Published after 1922 and before 1964, Non-renewal confirmed {{PD-US-no-renewal}}
Published between 1923 and 1996 {{Pd/1996}}