ಪುಟ:1820 A Grammar Of The Carnataca Language.djvu/೧೮೨

164 A GRAMMAR OF THE tive singular, without any impropriety; as Jowo Baw or adau wote no I came; నీబంది or నీసుబంది thou canest. .. Nouns and pronouns, properly speaking, have no possessive case, as in English. This defect is supplied by adding to the genitive case the pronouns of the third person, to denote relation or possession, and the substantive verb is omitted; as లూరుడు గను,సన్నవను that boy is mine; 9వలసనిమ్మ వలస this female is yours; ఈదుఃయవసదు. this horse is his ; అవర్యమనియవరు they belong to this house. The pronouns have no vocative case. Jonu, the pronoun of the first person singular, ought with propriety to be used by every person when speaking of himself, and the plural Joat when two or more persons speak. When a man of rank, however, speaks of himself, he always uses the plural; and the same is generally done by persons of an iuferior class, either through ignorance or presumption. Kad serves to address another, either respectfully, disrespectfully, or with familiarity; thus, in addressing God, or one much superior, or inferior in rank, to the speaker, it is proper to say boosgo, boysSu &c.; and the same when relations and intimate friends are speaking to each other. To use $, however, when addressing a person of the same rank with the speaker, unless they be upon terms of the greatest intimacy, is considered as highly disrespectful and insulting. bay, the plural, is used in addressing an equal, or a person who is not much inferior ia rank, with politeness; or when speaking contemptuously or reproach, fully to a man or woman of inferior rank. The pronoun Donw is the same for all the genders, and is always used with reference to some nominative of the third person preceding it; as I wong snjavor do auzoosy flow he stated his case; es que nastala Digitized by Google